Yoga Sutras of Patanjali · अध्याय 4
Kaivalya Pada
कैवल्यपाद
Liberation — the absoluteness of pure consciousness.
- YS 4.1Open verse →
janmauṣadhimantratapaḥsamādhijāḥ siddhayaḥ
janmauṣadhimantratapaḥsamādhijāḥ siddhayaḥ
Meaning · English — Khemarato Bhikkhu
Altered states of consciousness can come from *samādhi*, austerities, prayer, herbs or naturally.
- YS 4.2Open verse →
jātyantarapariṇāmaḥ prakṛtyāpūrāt
jātyantarapariṇāmaḥ prakṛtyāpūrāt
Meaning · English — Khemarato Bhikkhu
Diversity and change are nature's bounty.
- YS 4.3Open verse →
nimittam aprayojakaṃ prakṛtīnāṃ varaṇabhedas tu tataḥ kṣetrikavat
nimittam aprayojakaṃ prakṛtīnāṃ varaṇabhedas tu tataḥ kṣetrikavat
Meaning · English — Khemarato Bhikkhu
Like a farmer, nature picks and chooses, but doesn't directly cause.
- YS 4.4Open verse →
nirmāṇacittāny asmitāmātrāt
nirmāṇacittāny asmitāmātrāt
Meaning · English — Khemarato Bhikkhu
Beings are created by conceit alone.
- YS 4.5Open verse →
pravṛttibhede prayojakaṃ cittam ekam anekeṣām
pravṛttibhede prayojakaṃ cittam ekam anekeṣām
Meaning · English — Khemarato Bhikkhu
The one *citta* is diversified by its various activities.
- YS 4.6Open verse →
tatra dhyānajam anāśayam
tatra dhyānajam anāśayam
Meaning · English — Khemarato Bhikkhu
Of these, only the meditation-born is fruitless.
- YS 4.7Open verse →
karmāśuklākṛṣṇaṃ yoginas trividham itareṣām
karmāśuklākṛṣṇaṃ yoginas trividham itareṣām
Meaning · English — Khemarato Bhikkhu
The karma of [such] a *yogi* is neither white nor black; [but] for others is threefold,
- YS 4.8Open verse →
tatas tadvipākānuguṇānām evābhivyaktir vāsanānām
tatas tadvipākānuguṇānām evābhivyaktir vāsanānām
Meaning · English — Khemarato Bhikkhu
the fruition of which corresponds to the tendency on display at that time.
- YS 4.9Open verse →
jātideśakālavyavahitānām apy ānantaryaṃ smṛtisaṃskārayor ekarūpatvāt
jātideśakālavyavahitānām apy ānantaryaṃ smṛtisaṃskārayor ekarūpatvāt
Meaning · English — Khemarato Bhikkhu
The uniformity between [subconscious] activity and memory ensures the correspondence [of cause and effect] despite distance in time, space, and rebirths
- YS 4.10Open verse →
tāsām anāditvaṃ cāśiṣo nityatvāt
tāsām anāditvaṃ cāśiṣo nityatvāt
Meaning · English — Khemarato Bhikkhu
which are without beginning, being based on never-ending desires.
- YS 4.11Open verse →
hetuphalāśrayālambanaiḥ saṃgṛhītatvād eṣām abhāve tadabhāvaḥ
hetuphalāśrayālambanaiḥ saṃgṛhītatvād eṣām abhāve tadabhāvaḥ
Meaning · English — Khemarato Bhikkhu
Because of the connection between cause and effect, basis and support, [it follows that] if one goes, the other must too.
- YS 4.12Open verse →
atītānāgataṃ svarūpato 'sty adhvabhedād dharmāṇām
atītānāgataṃ svarūpato 'sty adhvabhedād dharmāṇām
Meaning · English — Khemarato Bhikkhu
So, past and future do exist, in their own way.
- YS 4.13Open verse →
te vyaktasūkṣmā guṇātmānaḥ
te vyaktasūkṣmā guṇātmānaḥ
Meaning · English — Khemarato Bhikkhu
Gross or subtle, [things] are [merely] composed of sense-impressions.
- YS 4.14Open verse →
pariṇāmaikatvād vastutattvam
pariṇāmaikatvād vastutattvam
Meaning · English — Khemarato Bhikkhu
The “that-ness” of an object is [merely the perception of] homogeneous change.
- YS 4.15Open verse →
vastusāmye cittabhedāt tayor vibhaktaḥ panthāḥ
vastusāmye cittabhedāt tayor vibhaktaḥ panthāḥ
Meaning · English — Khemarato Bhikkhu
Materialism and idealism are two, divergent paths [for describing reality].
- YS 4.16Open verse →
na caikacittatantraṃ vastu tadapramāṇakaṃ tadā kiṃ syāt
na caikacittatantraṃ vastu tadapramāṇakaṃ tadā kiṃ syāt
Meaning · English — Khemarato Bhikkhu
If an object were [merely] the construction of a single consciousness, how could it be measured? [If not objective,] what could it be?
- YS 4.17Open verse →
taduparāgāpekṣitvāc cittasya vastu jñātājñātam
taduparāgāpekṣitvāc cittasya vastu jñātājñātam
Meaning · English — Khemarato Bhikkhu
[Yet,] an object can only be known if it excites the *citta*.
- YS 4.18Open verse →
sadā jñātāś cittavṛttayas tatprabhoḥ puruṣasyāpariṇāmitvāt
sadā jñātāś cittavṛttayas tatprabhoḥ puruṣasyāpariṇāmitvāt
Meaning · English — Khemarato Bhikkhu
The [idea of an] unchanging “self” arises from continuously knowing this whirling *citta*.
- YS 4.19Open verse →
na tat svābhāsaṃ dṛśyatvāt
na tat svābhāsaṃ dṛśyatvāt
Meaning · English — Khemarato Bhikkhu
[But] it cannot see itself as an object.
- YS 4.20Open verse →
ekasamaye cobhayānavadhāraṇam
ekasamaye cobhayānavadhāraṇam
Meaning · English — Khemarato Bhikkhu
Never cognizing both [seer and seen] simultaneously,
- YS 4.21Open verse →
cittāntaradṛśye buddhibuddher atiprasaṅgaḥ smṛtisaṃkaraś ca
cittāntaradṛśye buddhibuddher atiprasaṅgaḥ smṛtisaṃkaraś ca
Meaning · English — Khemarato Bhikkhu
[the best it can do] is to see a previous mind moment by becoming aware of awareness's impact on memory and mental activity.
- YS 4.22Open verse →
citer apratisaṃkramāyās tadākārāpattau svabuddhisaṃvedanam
citer apratisaṃkramāyās tadākārāpattau svabuddhisaṃvedanam
Meaning · English — Khemarato Bhikkhu
Unmoving awareness assumes the shape of the particular conscious experience.
- YS 4.23Open verse →
draṣṭṛdṛśyoparaktaṃ cittaṃ sarvārtham
draṣṭṛdṛśyoparaktaṃ cittaṃ sarvārtham
Meaning · English — Khemarato Bhikkhu
Any object inflames the *citta* with the seer and the seen.
- YS 4.24Open verse →
tad asaṃkhyeyavāsanābhiś citram api parārthaṃ saṃhatyakāritvāt
tad asaṃkhyeyavāsanābhiś citram api parārthaṃ saṃhatyakāritvāt
Meaning · English — Khemarato Bhikkhu
Activity combines that object with others, along with the countless underlying tendencies.
- YS 4.25Open verse →
viśeṣadarśina ātmabhāvabhāvanānivṛttiḥ
viśeṣadarśina ātmabhāvabhāvanānivṛttiḥ
Meaning · English — Khemarato Bhikkhu
[Directly] seeing this distinction between “being a Self” and “[the process of] becoming” is the counter-whirling.
- YS 4.26Open verse →
tadā vivekanimnaṃ kaivalyaprāgbhāraṃ cittam
tadā vivekanimnaṃ kaivalyaprāgbhāraṃ cittam
Meaning · English — Khemarato Bhikkhu
The *citta* then inclines towards detachment and is therefore borne onwards towards liberation.
- YS 4.27Open verse →
tacchidreṣu pratyayāntarāṇi saṃskārebhyaḥ
tacchidreṣu pratyayāntarāṇi saṃskārebhyaḥ
Meaning · English — Khemarato Bhikkhu
Activity is a gap in our attention.
- YS 4.28Open verse →
hānam eṣāṃ kleśavad uktam
hānam eṣāṃ kleśavad uktam
Meaning · English — Khemarato Bhikkhu
Calming [all activity] is as described for the *kilesas*.
- YS 4.29Open verse →
prasaṃkhyāne 'py akusīdasya sarvathā vivekakhyāter dharmameghaḥ samādhiḥ
prasaṃkhyāne 'py akusīdasya sarvathā vivekakhyāter dharmameghaḥ samādhiḥ
Meaning · English — Khemarato Bhikkhu
Ever intent yet aloof through the second attainment of detachment, [the meditator eventually attains] the “Dharma Cloud” *samādhi*.
- YS 4.30Open verse →
tataḥ kleśakarmanivṛttiḥ
tataḥ kleśakarmanivṛttiḥ
Meaning · English — Khemarato Bhikkhu
This is a break from the *kilesas* and from *karma*.
- YS 4.31Open verse →
tadā sarvāvaraṇamalāpetasya jñānasyānantyāj jñeyam alpam
tadā sarvāvaraṇamalāpetasya jñānasyānantyāj jñeyam alpam
Meaning · English — Khemarato Bhikkhu
When the imperfection covering “the all” is removed that which remains to be known is little.
- YS 4.32Open verse →
tataḥ kṛtārthānāṃ pariṇāmakramasamāptir guṇānām
tataḥ kṛtārthānāṃ pariṇāmakramasamāptir guṇānām
Meaning · English — Khemarato Bhikkhu
Their purposes served, sense-contact and the sequences of change end.
- YS 4.33Open verse →
kṣaṇapratiyogī pariṇāmāparāntanirgrāhyaḥ kramaḥ
kṣaṇapratiyogī pariṇāmāparāntanirgrāhyaḥ kramaḥ
Meaning · English — Khemarato Bhikkhu
“A sequence” [because] an end to change is attainable.
- YS 4.34Open verse →
पुरुषार्थशून्यानां गुणानां प्रतिप्रसवः कैवल्यं स्वरूपप्रतिष्ठा वा चितिशक्तेरिति॥
puruṣārtha-śūnyānāṁ guṇānāṁ pratiprasavaḥ kaivalyaṁ svarūpa-pratiṣṭhā vā citi-śakter iti
Meaning · English
Kaivalya — liberation — is the involution of the gunas, devoid now of any purpose for the Self; or it is the abidance of the Power of pure Consciousness in its own nature. Thus.