Manusmriti
मनुस्मृति (मानवधर्मशास्त्रम्)
— Maharshi Manu (Bhrigu recension)
The Manava-Dharmashastra — the most influential of the smriti dharma-shastras. Twelve adhyayas covering creation, the four ashramas, marriage, statecraft, civil and criminal law, inheritance, expiation, and the final liberation through knowledge of the three gunas.
12 chapters · 2,680 verses
Chapters · अध्याय
- 1
Origin of the World and the Dharma
सृष्ट्युत्पत्तिः
Creation of the universe, the four ages, and the source of dharma; Manu addresses the sages.
119 verses
- 2
Sources of Dharma, the Student
धर्ममूलं ब्रह्मचर्यं च
The Veda, smriti, sadachara, and conscience as sources of dharma; rules for the brahmacharin.
249 verses
- 3
The Householder — Marriage and Shraddha
गृहस्थधर्मः विवाहश्राद्धादिः
Marriage, the eight forms of wedding, daily duties, and the shraddha rite for ancestors.
285 verses
- 4
Means of Subsistence; Vows and Penances
वृत्तिविधानं व्रतादीनि
The householder's livelihood, lawful and unlawful gain, and the vows that purify daily life.
259 verses
- 5
Lawful and Forbidden Food; Purification; Women
भक्ष्याभक्ष्यं शौचं स्त्रीधर्माः
Foods permitted and forbidden, the rules of impurity and purification, and the conduct of women.
169 verses
- 6
The Forest-Dweller and the Sannyasin
वानप्रस्थयतिधर्माः
The third and fourth ashramas — the forest hermit and the renunciate.
97 verses
- 7
Duties of the King
राजधर्माः
The origin and duties of the king, taxation, war, fortification, and ministerial counsel.
226 verses
- 8
Civil and Criminal Law
व्यवहारपदानि
The eighteen titles of law — debt, deposit, sale, partnership, theft, assault, defamation, etc.
418 verses
- 9
Law of Husband and Wife; Inheritance; Mixed Castes
स्त्रीपुंसयोर्धर्मः रिक्थभागः व्यवस्थापदम्
Duties of husband and wife, succession and partition of inheritance, and the mixed castes.
336 verses
- 10
Occupations in Times of Distress
आपद्धर्माः
The varna occupations and what is permitted in times of distress (apaddharma).
131 verses
- 11
Penance and Expiation
प्रायश्चित्तानि
The gravity of sins, public and private expiations, and the recovery of ritual purity.
265 verses
- 12
The Three Gunas, Karma, and Final Liberation
त्रिगुणकर्मफलं मोक्षश्च
The three qualities of sattva, rajas, tamas; the fruit of action; transmigration; and the path to liberation.
126 verses
ITRANS text from sanskritdocuments.org (Kashi Skt Series 114 ed. Haragovinda Sastri), proofread by M. Yano, Y. Ikari, A. Sathaye; public domain.